Lubna Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lubna - Case Study Example Its capacity to concentrate on to proceed to move and extend itself without really confronting any protection from change is its primary characteristic in making this degree of progress. Good examples offer genuine instances of how extraordinary individuals really achieve things and what attributes and qualities they depict when completing their jobs and obligations. Female good examples might be required more in a general public like Saudi Arabia which is a nearby society and better and progressively improved investment by ladies can urge other ladies to turn out to be a piece of the standard society as well. It is in any case, essential to take note of that both male and female good examples are required for Saudi Arabian culture to push forward in positive way. The association culture during the hours of Olyan depended on difficult work and commitment while keeping up the demeanor of doing things any other way. The general authoritative structure subsequently was planned in a way to assign work and enable representatives to take part in difficult work and create uprightness. The significant bit of leeway of such authoritative structure is that it enables representatives to face challenges and become responsible for what they do. For instance, utilization of incorporated correspondence and data innovation to associate representatives of Olyan Group at worldwide level shows the capacity of the hierarchical structure to really create ability and responsibility while simultaneously encourage collaboration and designation. Under Lubna’s initiative, the general hierarchical structure has stayed pretty much same be that as it may; there has been an emotional change in the authoritative culture. The way of life has gotten progressively open and enabling with center around obliging ladies and dedicated workers. One essential change in the manner Group was composed was to rebuild the structure in a way to accomplish deftness. This new structure permits association to react to new changes in increasingly fast way and with greater deftness in center. It is be that as it may, basic to

Classical and Structural Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Old style and Structural Realism - Essay Example This paper expects to talk about and break down Classical and Structural Realism. It thoroughly analyzes these two parts of Realism. With the utilization of significant models and suitable examination, it is trusted that the distinctions and likenesses between the two can be completely talked about. In this examination, the US conduct was utilized as a model because of the way that it is the world’s solitary superpower and is in this manner the primary on-screen character in the play called universal relations. Before examining Classical and Structural Realism, it is suitable and appropriate to initially characterize what Realism is. This methodology gives an objective and sensible perspective on how universal undertakings are acted. It depends in transit things are done and not in transit things ought to be finished. The manner in which it sees the world’s worldwide undertakings uses that of a logical technique †in light of realities and not in theoretical thought s, in view of the investigation of the causes and outcomes of the occasions. It is legitimate and not fanciful. Machiavelli caught the substance of Realism with the accompanying proclamation. A case of a worldwide occasion that is seen as utilizing the â€Å"imaginary† and â€Å"utopian† approach is that of the Kellogg â€Briand Pact which prohibited further wars. This was a result of the harsh experience of World War I. The defenders ridiculously expected that war could never happen again and that the signatories would conform to what they have settled upon. A case of a sensible view was given by Waltz when he saw the spread of atomic weapons.

Alfred Binet and the History of IQ Testing

Alfred Binet and the History of IQ Testing   More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand History First IQ Test Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test Pros and Cons of IQ Testing Wechsler Intelligence Scales WAIS-IV Interest in intelligence dates back thousands of years. But it wasnt until psychologist Alfred Binet was commissioned to identify students who needed educational assistance that the first intelligent quotient (IQ) test was born. Although it has its limitations, and it has many lookalikes that use far less rigorous measurements, Binets IQ test is well-known around the world as a way to compare intelligence. History During the early 1900s, the French government asked  Binet to help decide which students were most  likely to experience difficulty in school. The government had passed laws requiring that all French children attend school, so it was important to find a way to identify children who would need specialized assistance. Binet and his colleague, Theodore Simon, began developing questions that focused on areas not explicitly taught in schools, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Using these questions, Binet determined which ones served as the best predictors of school success. He quickly realized that some children were able to answer more advanced questions that older children were generally able to answer, and vice versa. Based on this observation, Binet suggested the concept of mental age or a measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children of a certain age group. First IQ Test This first intelligence test, referred to today as the Binet-Simon Scale, became the basis for the intelligence tests still in use today. However, Binet himself did not believe that his psychometric instruments could be used to measure a single, permanent, and inborn level of intelligence. Binet stressed the limitations of the test, suggesting that intelligence is far too broad a concept to quantify with a single number. Instead, he insisted that intelligence is influenced by a number of factors, that it changes over time, and that it can only be compared to children with similar backgrounds. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test When the Binet-Simon Scale was  brought to the United States, it generated considerable interest. Stanford University psychologist Lewis Terman took Binets original test and standardized it using a sample of American participants. This adapted test, first published in 1916, was called the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and soon became the standard intelligence test used in the U.S. The Stanford-Binet intelligence test used a single number, known as the intelligence quotient (or IQ), to represent an individuals score on the test. The IQ score was calculated by dividing the test takers mental age by his or her  chronological age and then multiplying this number by 100.?For example, a child with a mental age of 12 and a chronological age of 10 would have an IQ of 120 (12/10 x 100). The Stanford-Binet remains a popular assessment tool today, despite going through a number of revisions over the years since its inception. Pros and Cons of IQ Testing At the outset of World War I, U.S. Army officials were faced with the  task of screening an enormous number of recruits. In 1917, as chair of the Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits, psychologist Robert Yerkes developed two tests known as the Army Alpha and Beta tests. The Army Alpha was designed as a written test, while the Army Beta was made up of pictures for recruits who were unable to read or didnt speak English. The tests were administered to over 2 million soldiers in an effort to help the Army determine which men were well-suited to specific positions and leadership roles. At the end of WWI, the tests remained in use in a wide variety of situations outside of the military with individuals of all ages, backgrounds,  and nationalities. For example, IQ tests were used to screen new immigrants as they entered the United States at Ellis Island. The results of these mental tests were unfortunately  used to make sweeping and inaccurate generalizations about entire populations, which led some intelligence experts to exhort Congress to enact immigration restrictions. Wechsler Intelligence Scales Building on the Stanford-Binet test, American psychologist David Wechsler created  a new measurement  instrument. Much like Binet, Wechsler believed that intelligence involved different mental abilities. Dissatisfied with the limitations of the Stanford-Binet, he published his new intelligence test, known as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), in 1955. Wechsler also developed two different tests specifically for use with children: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). The adult version of the test has been revised since its original publication and is now known as the WAIS-IV. WAIS-IV The WAIS-IV contains 10 subtests along with five  supplemental tests. The test provides scores in four major areas of intelligence: a Verbal Comprehension Scale, a Perceptual Reasoning Scale, a Working Memory Scale, and a Processing Speed Scale. The test also provides two broad scores that can be used as a summary of overall intelligence: a Full-Scale IQ score that combines performance on all four index scores and a General Ability Index based on six subtest scores. Subtest scores on the WAIS-IV can be useful in identifying learning disabilities, such as cases where a low score in some areas combined with a high score in other areas may indicate that the individual has a specific learning difficulty. Rather than scoring the test based on chronological age and mental age, as was the case with the original Stanford-Binet, the WAIS is scored by comparing the test takers score to the scores of others in the same age group. The average score is fixed at 100, with two-thirds of scores lying in the normal range between 85 and 115. This scoring method has become the standard technique in intelligence testing and is also used in the modern revision of the Stanford-Binet test.

Marine Biology Lab Report - 751 Words

2. Temporal variability of alkaline earth metals in seawater: implication for variation in geochemical cycling Ocean plays a key role in geochemical cycling of alkaline earth metals that are directly connected to the global C-cycle. Hence secular variation of elemental and concentrations and isotopic compositions of seawater can reflect major changes in the lithosphere and the atmosphere over geologic time. Consequently, elemental and isotopic composition of marine chemical sediments (e.g., carbonates, oxides and evaporates) have been utilized extensively as geologic archives that potentially record secular variation of ocean chemistry. Long oceanic residence time of metals like Ca, Mg, and Sr makes them potential to record long-term†¦show more content†¦Although, the high temperature basalt-seawater interaction in the mid oceanic ridge axis considered to have no isotope effect on the seawater Mg, the potential of fractionating Mg isotopes during seawater circulating through low temperature ridge flanks is still unexplored. Hydrothermal removal of Mg in the MOR flank can vary between 10-80% of the total Mg removal via seawater-basalt interaction and part of that Mg is incorporated into the CaCO3 precipitated to form calcium carbonate veins (CCV). Given the abundance (1-4 vol%) of CCVs in the upper ocean-ic crust and potential to incorporate significant amount of Mg (~10 times more than biogenic calcites) CCVs can be another potential sink for Mg in the ocean and since carbonates are known to fractionate Mg isotopes CCVs can regulate both concentration and isotopic composition of Mg in seawater. Besides, due to the lack of resolvable sen-sitivity of Mg isotopic fractionation in carbonates to temperature, the CCVs can also record variability in seawater ÃŽ ´26Mg. This motivates me to investigate, the ÃŽ ´26Mg of CCVs from various MOR flanks to evaluate i) their role in controlling oceanic Mg budget and ii) their potential as proxy for seawater ÃŽ ´26Mg. To fulfill the primary objective of this project I plan to 1) obtain CCV samples from various ocean basins. The sample repository of the Ocean Drilling ProgramShow MoreRelatedIdentifying The Genetic Basis Of Microbial Iodate Respiration In Marine Biology Lab Report1083 Words   |  5 PagesIdentifying the Genetic Basis of Microbial Iodate Respiration in Marine Environments Dissimilatory (respiratory) metabolisms provide microbes with energy from the reduction of inorganic oxyanions (e.g., NO3-, ClO3-) via the electron transport chain1. Iodate (IO3-) is an example of a thermodynamically stable oxyanion with oxidizing and bioenergetic properties comparable to those of oxygen. Iodate serves as an alternative terminal electron acceptor in the biotic dissimilatory iodate reduction (DIR)Read MoreMarine Biologist Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesMarine biologists get to go underwater to explore and experience exciting events. They can look and study new fish, or can scuba dive down to the coral reefs. They get trained to look at the different environments under the water along with experimenting different sea creatures. Knowing the ocean and knowing what is inside it is very important for our society because the ocean is what makes up most of the earth and the ocean has a major impact on our weather and climate. The job can be very interestingRead MoreBuilding Of An Aquaculture / Aquaponics Building On Uf Campus1259 Words   |  6 Pagesof Florida has been known for its research efforts across many fields. 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It is woven into the plethora of facts she makes about not only the tragic effects of the wildlife but the overdependenceRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Ocean Acidification2349 Words   |  10 Pagesresearching. Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Species Ecosystems. Oceana. 2014. Web. 30 Oct. 2014. http://oceana.org/en/our-work/climate-energy/ocean-acidification/learn-act/effects-of-ocean-acidification-on-marine-species-ecosystems. This article is presented in a formal style of writing. Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Species Ecosystems present the evidence for the devastating impacts of ocean acidification on the marine ecosystems, most importantly their complex food-webRead MoreDinoflagellate Algae5041 Words   |  21 Pagesis mainly due to replication, most marine dinoflagellate species can replicate asexually and sexually, which allows for rapid population growth. The cause of bivalves becoming contaminated are dense aggregations of single cell or several species of dinoflagellate species, that are feeding off of pollution, namely near densely populated coastal areas. The problem of dense algal blooms has increased considerably over the last three decades (Anderson 1995). Reports of toxic blooms went from virtuallyRead MoreMolecular Biology Lab Report Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesMolecular Biology Lab Report Mapping DNA using Restriction Enzymes Ava II and Pvu II to cut Bacterial DNA Abstract The objective of this project is to map bacterial DNA, which is derived from E. coli, using restriction endonucleases with gel electrophoresis. The DNA fragments, after cutting has occurred, are separated using agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA fragments are placed in the gel, and an electric current is run through the matrix of the gel-like agarose. Migration of the fragmentsRead MoreAn Investigation Into the Effects of Varying Seawater Concentrations on Two Marine Invertebrates’ Osmoregulatory Abilities; Carcinus Maenas and Arenicola Marina.2530 Words   |  11 PagesAn investigation into the effects of varying seawater concentrations on two marine invertebrates’ osmoregulatory abilities; Carcinus maenas and Arenicola marina. Introduction The concentration of solutes in the bodily fluids of most marine invertebrates is roughly isosmotic to their environment (Raven, 2008). Because there is no osmotic gradient there is no tendency for the net diffusion of water away from the animal’s cells to occur. When a change in salinity occurs some organisms have the abilityRead MoreEffects Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Leak On The Gulf Of Mexico1924 Words   |  8 PagesOn April 20, 2010 The Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded and sunk into the Gulf of Mexico at Macondo MC252. Eleven people were killed as a result. The spill released more than 4 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. According to various reports this was one of the worst ecological disasters in US History next to the Exxon Valdez. As a result of this incident, a plume appeared in the surrounding area. â€Å"This plume was initially identified by elevated levels of methane and light aromatic hydrocarbonsRead MorePreliminary Proposal : Coastal Alask a- Coa Lter5371 Words   |  22 PagesPreliminary Proposal: LTER: Coastal Alaska- CoA LTER Overview The CoA LTER aims to better understand how high-latitude marine ecosystems will be affected by future ocean change, particularly changes associated with glacial discharge and ocean acidification. Kachemak Bay, Alaska, is the ideal high-latitude model system to conduct this research because of its 1) wealth of existing data, 2) existing infrastructure (the Kasitsna Bay Laboratory), 3) high productivity and biological diversity, 4) susceptibility

Titrant Definition Chemistry Glossary

In analytical chemistry, the titrant is a solution of known concentration that is added (titrated) to another solution to determine the concentration of a second chemical species. The titrant may also be called the titrator, the reagent, or the standard solution. In contrast, the analyte, or titrand, is the species of interest during a titration. When a known concentration and volume of titrant is reacted with the analyte, its possible to determine the analyte concentration. How It Works The mole ratio between the reactants and products in a chemical equation is the key to using titration to determine an unknown concentration of a solution. Typically, a flask or beaker containing a precisely known volume of analyte, together with an indicator, is placed under a calibrated burette or pipette. The burette or pipette contains the titrant, which is added dropwise until the indicator shows a color change, indicating the titration endpoint. Color change indicators are tricky, because the color may temporarily change before permanently changing. This introduces some degree of error into the calculation. When the endpoint is reached, the volume of reactant is determined using the equation: Ca CtVtM/Va Where Ca is the analyte concentration (usually given as molarity), Ct is titrant concentration (in the same units), Vt is the volume of titrant required to reach the endpoint (usually in liters), M is the mole ratio between the analyte and reactant from the balanced equation, and Va is the analyte volume (usually in liters).

The Manchurian Candidate Free Essays

Films have always been an outlet for a confused society; with themes of politics, religion, relationship and illness movies are the way the modern world deals with its hardships and examines its own motives and actions.   â€Å"The Manchurian Candidate† is one of the more controversial films in this eye-opening genre, with political themes running strong throughout in such a way as to seemingly point fingers and make strongly opinionated remarks about our current political situation. The 2004 film was remade from an earlier 1962 version, which before taking that format was actually a novel written by Richard Condon in 1959. We will write a custom essay sample on The Manchurian Candidate or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Its political premise was originally based on the Cold War; the book and the original film shied away from the usual opinion that it was Communists who were solely misguided and instead portrayed a world where Communists, Capitalists and everybody in between was faulted ideologically.   The people in Condon’s book existed within a conspiratorial net that saw brainwashed operatives of the Communist Party seeking to take office and exploit their position for monetary gains (Gianos 1998). The 2004 version, by contrast, has been quite clearly adapted for the age of the War on Terror, with Communists replaced by the new perceived enemy, corporate giants, in this case â€Å"Manchurian Global†.   It becomes clear as the movie progresses that the main characters have been brainwashed by Manchurian Global to protect and grow the interests of the corporation. One character, under the direct influence of his power hungry mother, seeks election into office, while the other is representative of an entire section of the military in supporting his campaign.   This latter character, Marco, becomes suspicious of his own actions concerning the vice-presidential candidate, Shaw, when he realizes that he and every other military officer who served with his is using the exact same words to describe their support of the man; basically that he is a wonderful man and an excellent soldier who will make the best vice-president. Marco believes he is suffering from a mental illness, and seeks help from the military doctors who are pledged to offer comprehensive care following service in the army.   They seem willing to help until Marco finally refuses the pills they keep giving him.   He claims they don’t work and that he wants something different, however the doctors won’t do anything for him – in fact they are very concerned about his refusal to accept their treatment.   In the end, Marco pieces together the entire story that he has forgotten: while serving together in the army, he and his companions, including Shaw, were brainwashed by Manchurian Global to support the candidacy of Shaw while Shaw himself was groomed to take the vice-presidency. Through the brainwashing, the corporation expected to gain high level contracts and a huge amount of money and power.   It falls to Marco to expose the plot and explain it to Shaw before he gives the company and all the people connected to the plot exactly what they want.   It is a story of corruption in government and the overall will of those in powerful places to exploit whoever is necessary to stay on top and bring in the cash. The reverberations of this film in current American politics is very strong and very controversial.   Political controversy in film is of course not a new thing; Brian Nerve explains that Hollywood has been a refuge for the suspicious world since its earliest days, and that movies like â€Å"The Manchurian Candidate† are not the product of unsound minds but of a lack of transparency throughout the political world (Nerve 1992). This movie in particular has been built upon that ever-present facet of the American public: the conspiracy theory.   Whether it’s a Presidential assassination or a corporate cover-up, Americans want to know every detail and whether or not there are real conspiracies of this magnitude actually occurring is difficult to tell when questions constantly go unanswered and the imagination takes over.   More than anything, Manchurian Global has a startling likeness to American corporations like Halliburton, who have in recent years been harshly chided for their role in global inequality and exploitation in the name of money. The people in league with Manchurian Global are portrayed as basically heartless, inhuman and scandalous; these elements of scandal can always be found in political films according to Gillespie and Lerner (2000).   The producers were well aware of the parallels they were drawing between their characters and the members of America’s present government, and the audience was generally predisposed to believe the worst of its government before seeing such a shocking story of manipulation played out for them onscreen.   They wonder if they are being brainwashed to accept a fabricated reality, or if they are simply not seeing the whole picture. In its entirety, â€Å"The Manchurian Candidate† has questioned the accuracy of media portrayals of events in such a way as the American public truly wanted to see – however the movie was so undeniably outrageous in its plot details that instead of reinforcing the idea that the government is hiding something from the public all it really did was make the audience question their current beliefs concerning conspiracy. Few people are prepared to believe blatant military brainwashing, and this is the major weak point in the film.   â€Å"The Manchurian Candidate† is a movie that sets itself far apart from mainstream entertainment in its political aspects and ideas.   It has drawn an audience mostly intent on getting angry at the state of government and politics, though unfortunately in the end it falls short.   Instead of solidifying current thought patterns or expanding on them, the film merely sparks doubt in the minds of those most willing to believe its plot.   All in all, â€Å"The Manchurian Candidate† is quite unworthy of the hype. Works Cited Gianos, Phillip. Politics and Politicians in American Film. CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998. Nerve, Brian. Film and Politics in America: A Social Tradition. New York: Routledge, 1992. Schultz, David. It’s Show Time!: Media, Politics, and Popular Culture. New York: Peter Lang, 2000.       How to cite The Manchurian Candidate, Essay examples

Foundations of Management Organizational Internal Communication

Question: Describe about the Foundations of Management for Organizational Internal Communication. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of information in business decision-making. In this era of competitiveness, an organization needs to strengthen their internal and external communication in order to gain superiority in market. Therefore, it is highly important to maintain information flow with the internal and external stakeholders (Shockley-Zalabak 2011). The focus of this paper is to identify three examples of business disaster due to lack of information flow. In order to maintain information flow, it is highly important to understand the need of stakeholders and the frequency with which information needs to be delivered. Inadequate information flow creates dilemma among the stakeholders of an organization. Discussion Information plays a major role in maintaining business sustainability. Inadequate information has a negative impact on the decision-making of a business. For example, Lehman Brothers, a financial service provider firm has declared bankruptcy in 2008 due to lack of information (Lehman.com 2016). Apart from that, Enron Corporation is another example of business disaster due to lack of information. The largest an energy-trading company has declared as bankrupt in 2001 (News.bbc.co.uk 2016). The third example in this case is Woolworths has recently declared a record of annual loss of AUS $2.1 billion (BBC News 2016). The above discussed cased are due to lack of information flow within the stakeholders. Case 1: Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy In this case, the company was unable to maintain the information flow among the stakeholders. The major issue of the company was inadequate information about the mortgage crisis. The company was unable to maintain organizational data, which was highly important in order to take organizational decision. During the final phase, the company has implemented cost-cutting approaches through reducing workforce (van Osch, Steinfield and Balogh 2015). However, the company could have improved communication among the employees in order to recover the critical situation. Here, management theory of Elton Mayo would be the most relevant to discuss the massive failure of the company. According to this theory, employees need motivation in order to achieve their objectives in an efficient manner (Holmberg and Hellsten 2016). On the other hand, financial motivation is not only the motivational tool, which management of an organization can implement. Instead, the company should communicate with the emp loyees in order to motivate the workforce in an efficient manner. In case of Lehman Brothers, the company was already facing difficulties due to inadequate information. On the top of it, the company had implemented cost-cutting strategies by reducing workforce. Therefore, it can be said that the approach of the company was wrong (Cooren 2016). The company would have allowed the employees to share their viewpoint and decisions in order to overcome the situation. Additionally, the company would have shared necessary information with the workforce in order to reduce dilemma among the workforce. Mayos management theory has four combinations with which management can evaluate the workforce. The first dimension consists of employees with low cohesiveness and norms, which makes the workforce ineffective to handle critical situation. The second combination is low cohesiveness and high norms. Here, some employees can perform as per the organizational requirements (Karanges et al. 2015). The third combination is high cohesiveness and low norms. Here, some employees create a negative environment, which prevents others to perform. The fourth combination is high norms and cohesiveness. Here, employees can work collaboratively in order to achieve broad organizational objectives. Lehman Brothers would have understood the nature of workforce in order to improve information flow within the organization. When it comes to the relationship between the managers, the company fails to maintain collaborative management approach. Therefore, it was difficult for the company to understand requirement of the stakeholders. Moreover, managers of an organization should have sufficient control among the workforce (Alvarez, Bauer and Eger 2015). However, in case of Lehman Brothers, managers were unable to maintain sufficient information flow for which control among the workforce was weak. Case 2: Enron Files for Bankruptcy Enron was an energy-trading company, which was formed after the merge up of two gas companies such as Internorth and Houston Natural Gas. Under leadership of the CEO Kenneth Lay, the company had achieved lot of success in the year 2000. In this fiscal year, the company was in the seventh position among 500 US companies. The company had 21000 employees in this year and the annual revenue of the company was $111 billion. However, the companys stock price had dropped from $90.75 to $0.26 (News.bbc.co.uk 2016). Here, the company has misled the employees regarding the financial stability of the company. The company had also misled the investors regarding their financial weaknesses. In case of this company, employees were the shareholders and therefore, it can be said that the company has misled both the investors and employees, which led the company towards failure (Stahl 2016). Apart from that, the company had destroyed organizational documents in order to avoid legal consequences. After reviewing the business case, it can be said that inadequate information flow was the major issue for which the company had declared as bankrupt. In this scenario, Maslow human needs theory would be the most relevant theoretical discussion. According to this theory, management should empower motivation of the workforce through five dimensions. The goal of the management should provide adequate information to the workforce in order to achieve organizational goal. During the crisis period, the company would have communicated with the workforce and investors in an appropriate manner (Botana and Neto 2015). The employees were unable to understand the rationale behind rapid change in business process. When it comes to the employees, they were unable to accept the changes in management structure. Therefore, they were unable to reach to the self-actualization stage of Maslow hierarchy of need. The company would have communicated with the employees regarding the probable issues that the com pany was facing. In this manner, the company would be able to encourage the employees to give valuable recommendation to the company. A good flow of information and communication would allow the company to work collaboratively. Therefore, it can be said that the reason behind Enrons bankruptcy was lack of information flow among the stakeholders. Case 3: Woolworths Disaster Woolworths is the biggest supermarket chain of Australian market, which recorded a loss of AU $1.2 billion. However, in previous year the annual profit of the company was AU$ 2.1 billion. The reason behind this massive fall in sales figure was organizational communication. In this industry, it is highly important to work collaboratively in order to achieve overall organizational goal. In retail industry, employees should have proper information regarding store layout and products as well. In this manner, employees will be able to provide adequate information to the consumers (Shockley-Zalabak 2011). The downfall in annual profit was caused by the low managerial control. Therefore, Fayols principles would be the most effective theoretical framework to discuss the business scenario of Woolworths. In order to handle critical situation, managers of an organization should understand skills and abilities of the employees. According to the first element of Fayols theory, managers should hav e proper understanding regarding the work division. Authority is another element of this theoretical framework through which managers should have adequate command over the workforce. In case of Woolworths, the managers were unable to control the workforce for which they were unable to perform according to the performance benchmark. According to the discipline dimension, employees need a direct supervisor in order to work according to the requirements. In this manner, the company would be able to comply with the organizational policies and procedures, which is highly important for maintaining business sustainability (Holmberg and Hellsten 2016). In order to conduct efficient organizational decision, managers should understand the ability of the workforce. The leaders are solely responsible to allocate job role to the employees. Therefore, employee information is what managers require in order to take the final decision. However, in Woolworths, the managers were unable to understand t he key characteristics of the employees. Another element of this theoretical framework is remuneration (Karanges et al. 2015). In order to empower performance quality of the workforce, organization should provide satisfactory remuneration to the workforce. Apart from delivering information to the workforce, it is highly important to focus on employee motivation. On the other hand, an organization should provide adequate information to the employee in order to influence motivation positively (Cooren 2016). Therefore, it can be said that lack of information to the employees and lack of information regarding the key characteristics about employee performance was two major reasons for sales drop of the company. Conclusion While concluding, it can be said that information flow is the key success factor for organizations. In order to maintain efficient information flow, an organization should focus on the organizational culture. In this paper, three business cases have been evaluated, where the reason behind business disaster is lack of information flow. After conducting the evaluation, it can be said that managers should communicate with the external and internal stakeholders in order to provide adequate organizational information. Reference list Alvarez, W., Bauer, J.C. and Eger, E.K., 2015. (Making a) Difference in the Organizational Communication Undergraduate Course.Management Communication Quarterly, p.0893318915571352 BBC News. 2016. DIY disaster sends Australia's Woolworths to record loss - BBC News. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/37181955 [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016] Botana, L.F.S. and Neto, P.L.D.O.C., 2015. The Development of an Incrementally Evolving Management Model for Small Brazilian Printing Companies based on Maslows Theory of the Hierarchy of Needs.Business and Management Review,4(7), pp.2047-0398 Cooren, F., 2016. 20 Verbal communication in organizational settings.Verbal Communication,3, p.395 Holmberg, K. and Hellsten, I., 2016. Organizational Communication on Twitter: Differences Between Non-Profit and For-Profit Organizations in the Context of Climate Change. InCrossmedia-Kommunikation in kulturbedingten Handlungsrumen(pp. 305-313). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Karanges, E., Johnston, K., Beatson, A. and Lings, I., 2015. The influence of internal communication on employee engagement: A pilot study.Public Relations Review,41(1), pp.129-131 Lapointe, L. and Beaudry, A., 2016. The Role of Organizational Internal Communication on Individuals' Reactions to New Information Lehman.com. 2016. Lehman Brothers. Available from: https://www.lehman.com/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016] News.bbc.co.uk. 2016. BBC NEWS | Business | Enron scandal at-a-glance. Available from: https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1780075.stm [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016] Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2011.Fundamentals of organizational communication. Allyn Bacon Stahl, C., 2016.Innovation Management: A Shifting Paradigm to Innovation Management Styles, Culture, and Strategies(Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri--Kansas City) van Osch, W., Steinfield, C.W. and Balogh, B.A., 2015, January. Enterprise social media: Challenges and opportunities for organizational communication and collaboration. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 763-772). IEEE

the mormons Essays - Latter Day Saint Movement, Christian Movements

The Mormons I have learned an array of things from watching these videos about Mormonism. I learned a great deal about joseph smith and who he was along with the importance he brings to Mormonism. I was unaware of his very first vison. Joseph was 14 years old and he only shared his vision within the confines of family and only choose to tell his parents what he sa w. I later than realized that his vison was changed three timed and each time it was more elaborate. His third vison was the one that made it into the Book of Mormon. I find Mormonism extremely interesting because there is a number of differences and additions added to the bible and advertised as Mormonism. Mormons would devote their lives to following Joseph Smith. These families would relocate and do anything according to Joseph Smith . While I watched these videos, the term "Mountain massacre" was mentioned so I decided to do some research on this tragedy. The historian Geoffrey Ward has called this tragedy the "the most hideous example of the human cost exacted by religious fanaticism in American history until 9/11.'' Although it might not be a major tourist destination, for a century and a half the massacre at Mountain Meadows has been the main debate among Mormons and the people of Utah. In Sept. 1857, in southwestern Utah, a local militia of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormons, attacked a wagon train of Arkansas families headed for California. After five days , the militia persuaded the families to surrender under a flag of truce and a pledge of safe passage. Then, approximately 140 men, women and children were slaughtered and killed right then and there. Now, 146 years later, the descendants and the victims of relatives have been asking for an apology from the Mormon church. The fact of the matter is that these individuals " Believ ed they were doing God's work in ridding the world of ''infidels ". These evangelical Mormon committed one of the greatest civilian atrocities on American soil. Without a sustained attempt at accountability and atonement, the church will not escape the hovering shadow of that horrible crime " ( New York Times). Polygamy is something I was more than aware of with the Mormon religion, but I learned so much more about why It started and it "religious" intentions behind i t . Many would argue it was started by Joseph Smith out of convenience for his own personal sexual behavior, so that it would not be condemned by G od . Many argued that Joseph Smith was told by God that it was acceptable because men like Abraham in the bible practiced polygamy. Many that choose to not engage in this act of polygamy were forced to accept it or not become members of the church. P olygamy was finally addressed and enforced and was defined as illegal. For me, It was extremely hard to understand why so many people followed Joseph Smith, and then when he was murdered to continue on and then follow others like Brigham Young. In Comparison, Mormonism does not a line with Christianity . First as Christians, we believe that Christ died on the cross for our salvation, this is not a belief of the Mormon faith. Mormon ideology does not follow the belief of the Trinity, as we do. Mormon's believe God the Father, His son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost are three different people. We as Christian s read the bible and as the word and truth of God, Mormons have other books that they believe in, the Book of Mormon, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price. Modern Mormons regard God as plural. The belief of salvation is very different then the Christianity belief. Mormons believe they can achieve to become a God which is called " exaltation " . This is not a practice in any other form of Christian beliefs. Mormonism has me question so many things and it is so hard for me to wrap my head around their belief system. There additions do the bible is the reason why they believe that

Samuel de Champlain essays

Samuel de Champlain essays Samuel de Champlain was born in 1567, in the town of Brouage, Saintonge, on the Bay of Biscay in France. Very little is known of his family, other than his father was a ship-captain. Fairly early in his life, he joined the army and became quartermaster for the cavalry. Then, in 1599, Samuels uncle took Samuel to Spain for Samuels first voyage. There, Samuel took command of the St. Julien (The Virtual Museum of New France). He took his ship, and chartered to the West Indies. He landed at Vera Cruz, and even made it inland as far as Mexico City, and returned home after passing Panama, where he conceived a plan to make a canal across the isthmus (Samuel de Champlain). He reached Spain in March 1601. His journey was recorded in an account named Bref Discours (Historical Bopgraphies). He soon returned to France, whereupon French King Henry IV gave Samuel de Champlain a pension to explore land in North America. He sailed for the New Land on March 15, 1603, in the Pontgrave, with his eye set on founding a new colony. They reached Tadoussac on May 24 of that year. Tadoussac was a trading location where the Saguenay joins the St. Lawrence River (Samuel de Champlain). They set anchor here and rested. Soon after their arrival in Tadoussac, Samuel and a few of his men took a small riverboat up the St. Lawrence River. They continued until they hit the rapids of St. Louis, above current-day Montreal. They turned around and went back to Tadoussac, where they sailed back to France in August, 1603 (The Virtual Museum of New France). Before long, the brave explorer was back at sea. Sieur de Monts, a French Prince, had recently received new land in Acadia, and had it arranged that Samuel would sail to the New World and found a new colony (Champlain). Sieur de Monts sailed with Samuel to Acadia, where they landed at Sable I...

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Assignment - Essay Example rning fire outbreaks in building structures are now widely used as a tool to understand the causes and consequences of fire in various scenarios which can be used by engineers in designing safety plans. Furthermore, several countries across the globe have undergone serious transformations in terms of their building safety regulations which is now increasingly focused on the performance based approach to fire safety design. However, the requirements related to fire safety design for various types of buildings differ largely according to circumstances of each individual case. Conforming to the requirements of the fire resistance norms laid down by the various regulating authorities, leads to a simultaneous increase in construction costs, since excessive use of safety materials during building construction is often inevitable yet superfluous and avoidable. These redundant expenses can be avoided through the recently emerged field of fire safety engineering and the latest trend which focuses on a performance based fire safety regulation policy aimed at enhancing the building designs in such a way that the safety of the inhabitants is not compromised and the costs are controlled. "The application of scientific and engineering principles to the effects of fire in order to reduce the loss of life and damage to property by quantifying the risks and hazards involved and provide an optimal solution to the application of preventive or protective measures" (Purkiss 2007, Pp.1). Such a concept applies to all situations where fire is a impending vulnerability. The low rise domestic buildings are the prime target of fire related damage since such buildings usually do not involve use of complicated design methods and also, in such building structures the chances of human fatality is higher as the causes of death in such a situation are usually the spread of smoke and other toxic gases, rather than through building collapse, which prevent the inhabitants from escaping (Malhotra,

Personal statement for applying for Dental School

For applying for Dental School - Personal Statement Example The challenging environment offered by dentistry, I believe will keep my mind active and sharp while its ever re-inventive field will quench my scientific thirst. The field of dentistry involves professionalism and at the same time keeping distressed persons calm. I strongly believe that I can be very good at it due to my compassionate nature and ability to create a relationship with people easily. This is a trait that comes naturally to me as my mother insists that the key to helping other people is not just hearing what they say but listening to them. Out of experience I feel that creating a rapport to comfort patients will be an easy task for me. I usually a get nervous easily before I engage in something but this has taught me to always cheer up and prepare for the situation thoroughly to avoid any mistakes. I have come to learn that thorough explanation reduces the anxiety of the nervous people, so as I prepare intensively for the situation, I will be gaining more information to quell the anxiety of the patients. To gain a better insight into the exciting world of dentistry, I spend several hours visiting dentistry settings and asking questions in my pre-dental club in the University of Alabama at Birmingham and volunteering in dental clinics. In this club, we have various speakers in the dentistry profession who are fun to listen to. I find all work in the field of dentistry fascinating; from implants to orthodontics and I have realized that a relationship between the patient and the dentist is important in this field. I do not have a problem creating a personal relationship with patients as I am a sociable person who enjoys one on one conversation. I can also speak Korean and will be able to interact with Korean patients deeply. Nothing would give me more satisfaction than seeing the patients satisfied. After talking and volunteering to various practising dentists I have to realize that it can

Skeletal Specimens for Scientific Studies

Skeletal Specimens for Scientific Studies This report is about the proper techniques for preparing, cleaning, whitening and articulation of skeletal specimens for osteological, biological, veterinary or zoological study. It will explain the three usual techniques used to clean the bones of soft tissue and a few of the more uncommon ways to do so. It will go slightly in depth in each category and then move onto the proper ways and improper ways that the bones themselves are whitened and all lipids are removed from the bones, than it will discuss how to seal the bones to protect them from the elements. Then it will discuss actual articulation and go into detail on the types of articulation commonly used. Lastly it will go over common uses for prepared articulated skeletons. Skeletal articulations have been going on since museums first started displaying taxidermied animals. Many times the animals bones didnt want to be wasted so either the skulls or entire skeletons would be saved in archives to help accurately catalog specimens kept in the museum. Eventually the idea was had to reconstruct these skeletons into lifelike poses and display them in the museum as well, this is where skeletal articulation found its roots. In the picture below is an example of an articulated skeleton of a Potto, a species of primate There are multiple ways to clean the specimens that are used for articulations. There are three common ways that it is done with satisfactory results, the first and most common method is with the use of the beetle Dermestes maculatus, otherwise known as the dermestid, or skin, beetle. These beetles start their life as a small microscopic egg typically laid near dried animal material, which than hatch out as small furry larvae which are black to brown in color. The eggs typically take a day to hatch and the larvae go through multiple stages, or instars, before finally pupating and emerging as an adult. Post, L (n.d) Bone Builders notebook. Pg. 21 Homer, AK, Author published. The male beetle attracts the female with pheromones, which is a common method in the insect world. There is no intermale aggression or territorial aggression. These beetles are useful not only in skeletal articulation but also in the field of human forensics. The main way these beetles assist in the cleaning of bones for articulation is they eat the flesh fairly quickly, the larger the colony the faster the job gets done. With a colony of one thousand beetles an animal the size of a weasel could be cleaned overnight, as opposed to some of the other methods which take considerably longer. An example of a small colony cleaning a deer skull can be seen in the below picture The beetles are also extremely delicate and thorough in the job that they do, being able to clean even the skeletons of young animals without fully formed bones while doing little to no damage. B. Shaver P.E Kaufman (2009). They also allow articulators to perform ligamentary articulations. A drawback to using beetles for cleaning is they often leave a lot of fat in the bones, making for a longer whitening and degreasing process. Beetles usually live for around 6 months in their adult form, however they breed very quickly. I have personally raised a colony of these beetles from just eighteen beetles to well over five thousand in a little over a year. A second common method for cleaning bones for use is maceration, which requires less maintenance than a beetle colony but also takes a lot more time to fully clean the bones. Maceration is the submersion of the specimen in water to decompose fully. This is further broken down into two categories, cold water maceration and warm water maceration. Cold water maceration typically takes a longer period of time to completely decompose the specimen, however it is easier maintenance and is typically used in warmer climates. Warm water maceration usually uses some form of heating element in the water to speed up the process of decomposition. It also has the added benefit of helping to melt some of the lipids left in the bones, helping to degrease the bones while cleaning them at the same time. Maceration when used properly results in much cleaner bones than the other methods of cleaning, however it takes a considerable amount of time to complete. Times can vary from a week or two for a small animal like a mouse to a few years for larger animals such as horses and cattle. Generally the water temperature is kept at or above 80 degrees for warm water maceration. This dramatically lowers the degreasing time by melting and liquefying the lipids in the bones, making it easier for the bacteria to consume and for physical removal of the fat. This techniques major drawback is mostly the smell it produces, which if never smelled before has been known to produce ill responses. Most of the time maceration is done in small containers with separate bone groups separated from each other, for example the arm bones separated, the leg bones separated, and the ribs and spine separated. This makes it much easier to rearrange the bones after the cleaning process is done. These sections are often placed in mesh bags made of some form of plastic, as if it were a form of cloth it could potentially also be digested and consumed by the bacteria in the water. Other times specimens may be placed in wire cages and placed in streams, rivers, or ponds to macerate, which also allows natural scavengers to help do the work, however there is a far greater potential to lose bones this way, or have it tampered with. A third common technique for cleaning bones is boiling. This technique involves actually cooking the specimen for multiple hours until the soft tissues become soft enough to come away from the bones. There are several problems with this method and the main one being that people tend to actually boil the bones, damaging them with the heat and making them soft and flaky. It is best to simmer the bones on low heat for a long period of time to help avoid from damaging the bones. Often times the heat tends to leech the fat directly into the bones, making for a terribly long degreasing process. This technique is commonly employed by taxidermists for European mounts, which is keeping the skull and horns of game animals such as deer or antelope. A European mount may be seen in the below picture Some people will also add baking powder to help strip the soft tissue from the bones, this is highly damaging to the bones and though initial results may look alright, without proper sealing the bones will soon turn dusty and deteriorate overtime, until you are left with nothing more than dust. This process is also usually done in pieces so as to make organization of the skeleton a simpler process. Times can vary from a few hours for smaller sections of bone to well over twenty four hours for larger animals or sections of bones. Often times the spine of the animal will present a problem as there is much cartilage, nervous tissue and muscle tissue holding them together. Manuel removal of flesh is required for this technique, often involving fine scalpel blades and knives, as well as stiff wire brushes. Overall this technique is the least efficient of the three common techniques and has the most potential for damaging the specimen, therefore it is often not recommended to be tried by those first starting skeletal articulations, as they are more prone to make careless errors and mistakes. The most efficient and time efficient method of the three common methods is using dermested beetles. There are many more ways to clean the bones of specimens for display however now I will discuss just two of the more uncommon ways of doing this. The first less uncommon way of cleaning bones is simply burying the specimen in the ground and allowing nature to do the work. Often times the specimen is placed in a cloth bag and buried so as to not lose bones, however the cloth bag can also be effected by decay, and be eaten away in the soil by invertebrates and bacteria naturally present there. Bones are commonly lost using this method and it may take several years for the soft tissue to effectively be decomposed even in small specimens. A large problem with using this method is the fact that minerals are naturally found in the soil and often will leave orange or rusty red stains on the bones due to the presence of iron in the soil. These stains can be removed but not always thoroughly using strong chemicals which also damage the bone; this is not an optimal situation. Sometimes after removing the bones from the ground it will be discovered that the soft tissues have mummified to the bones, making it very hard to remove. This happens frequently in warmer dryer climates. The dried tissue than has to be removed manually with tools and than most of the time needs to be boiled or put into a dermested colony, defeating the purpose of putting the specimen in the ground to begin with. A second uncommon technique used for cleaning is using chemicals to remove the soft tissues. L. Post (n.d) Bone Builders notebook. Pg 24. Homer, AK, self published. Commonly household drain cleaner is used for this process, as it eats away at the soft tissue by either being strongly acidic or basic. Other times fifteen percent or higher hydrogen peroxide is used as it oxidizes the flesh. A drawback to this technique is the obvious danger of using strong chemicals which may severely burn the user. These chemicals if not used in proper percentages can completely eat away a small specimen in just a few hours, so a close eye has to be kept on the entire process. Often times the ligaments are the last parts to be dissolved and with proper timing can be used to make a ligamentary articulation. The benefit of these techniques are they are fairly hands off, however there are often multiple things that can go wrong and ruin a specimen or possibly even harm the articulator. Some of these techniques are still new to practice and must be tuned a bit more to get proper results. Often times it is best just to use those techniques which are proven safe and effective as they are the ones that have most likely been around the longest. Those who wish to start skeletal articulations are often suggested to ask the area museum of natural history what their opinion is or which technique they employ for their own skeletal displays, they will often be more than happy to help you. After proper cleaning of the specimen has been achieved it is necessary to remove all fat from the bones and make them as white as possible for a clean looking display. By removing the fat not only are you making the skeleton look better but also you are removing a possible source of bacterial growth and unsanitary conditions. This also helps to lessen the risk of possibly having the skeleton have any off odors of decay, not what is wanted for proper display of specimens. Often the first step to degreasing is doing a preliminary soak in hydrogen peroxide, three percent for smaller skeletons or up to thirty percent for larger bones or skeletons, though thirty percent hydrogen peroxide can be an extremely dangerous chemical, and all proper precautions must be taken. Hydrogen peroxide works on the principal of oxidization, which is the removal of one or more electrons from a chemical composition. Basically oxidization is what causes rust to occur on certain metals. By removing an electron, the chemical composition of the substance is changed. In this instance it makes bones turn from a natural color to a brighter white. This first preliminary soak in hydrogen peroxide whitens the bone in areas where less natural fat deposits are occurring, typically at the ends of the bones away from the marrow in the center of most long bones. By whitening these areas first it reveals the areas with the most fat present, thus making an area to target for the actual degreasing process. Without doing this first preliminary soak it would make the process of degreasing longer and require more water changes than what might truly be necessary. There are a few different ways to go about degreasing the bones of specimens used for articulation. The two most common methods are using ammonia and using some form of detergent in warm water, both being an effective means of degreasing bones, however the detergent method is a bit more complicated. When using ammonia to remove lipids from bones it is usually done using uncut household ammonia, though this is not the strongest form of ammonia that can be used, it does the job and is the safest to use. It does not need to be warmed to be effective, however the warmer it is the faster it acts on the fat molecules in the bone. When using the detergent method for degreasing it is common to use one cup of detergent per five to ten gallons of water. Using straight detergent has been done before but often leaves less than desirable effects, such as discoloration of bone. An aquarium heater or other form of water heater can be used to warm the water in the container, making the detergent act upon removing the fat a bit faster. With small skeletons this method may take a few weeks to a month, but with larger bones and skeletons it may take several months and several water changes to reach the desired effects. With the ammonia method it usually takes a shorter period of time than if you were using the detergent method, from a few days for small bones to a month or two for larger skeletons. It is very important to protect the bones and skeletons that are being worked on from the elements and the natural passage of time. There is more than one way to do this and most are effective. The first and most common way to seal bones is using a dipping technique using a mixture of Elmers glue and water. The glue tends to be soluble in water and it is a very natural and non-harsh way to treat bones. The whole skeleton or bone is dipped into the mixture and allowed to dry, the glue naturally forms a clear protective layer over the skeleton however if it needs to be removed all that need be done is for it to be re-dipped in hot water and the glue will melt off. Reasons why the glue, or any sealant, might need to be removed range from grease coming to the surface of the bone or skeleton after it was thought it was all removed, which can be a frustrating and disheartening occurrence, to the skeletons position needing to be changed, for any number of reasons. Sometimes the sealant might need to be removed because a new, more reliable sealant has been found, with the first being used temporarily to protect the bone from harm. Sometimes damaged skeletons can be salvaged if using the correct sealant. If the bone was compromised during cleaning, often from harsh chemicals or too much heat being applied, the sealant will keep the bones from coming apart or further cracking. The teeth of large carnivorous mammals have a tendency to crack over time due to moisture in the teeth slowly evaporating, and when a liquid evaporates into a solid it takes up more room, cracking the tooth. This can be avoided by placing the tooth in a drying material such as rice or cotton, and letting it sit for a few weeks to a few months. The tooth is than covered in a clear strong sealant, clear nail polish being a good example of this. Several coats are applied to make the tooth very strong and stable. The same procedure can be applied to the keratin sheath on the claws of animals. Another method of sealing bones or skeletons involves buying a clear spray paint from a reputable brand that is known to not yellow over time. The skeleton or bone is laid out in a ventilated area and sprayed in several coats of the spray paint and allowed to dry. Depending on the type of paint used the sealant will either appear dull and non-reflective, keeping the natural properties of the bone, or it will appear to be shiny and reflective, which often times may be applied to teeth and claws for those who keep private collections of skeletons for their own research. Typically in a museum quality specimen a flat coat is used to keep the bones looking as natural as possible. Other times no sealant is used at all on bones which have been professionally cleaned, and the bones or skeletons are simply kept under glass or in a display case, to protect them from dust and the oils found on human fingers and skin. Several types of articulations exist and are used in different manners for different institutions or research. Articulations and collections can be broken down into personal collections, museum or educational collections, or veterinary models, though often times in recent years replicas and reproductions are used for this purpose as they are often cheaper and far less fragile. Articulations and collections for personal use can be found in the homes of hunters, taxidermists, medical and veterinary students or just those people who are interested in natural history, anatomy or biology. Skull collections are often a simple and less complicated means of having an inventory of collections for certain species without having to do full skeletal articulations, these are fairly common in the homes of hunters and taxidermists. Those who keep full skeletal articulations often times have them on bases or in a natural habitat type setup. Often, those who are more interested in the general anatomy of the skeletons themselves have free standing skeletal articulations or those without bases, These are simpler to complete and may sometimes require bars to keep the articulation stable and from falling and possibly becoming damaged. Free standing articulations of smaller animals may be done through the use of ligament articulations. This involves letting a dermested beetle colony clean the skeleton, and watching the process very carefully so as to know the precise time to take the skeleton out of the colony. This takes practice to do, but when done right can make articulations much easier to complete. Essentially the beetles eat away all soft tissues except those ligaments which are holding the skeleton together. Often one or two bones may break away from the main skeleton but can easily be reattached at the time of the actual articulation. Than the entire skeleton goes through the degreasing process and during this time the ligaments are kept hydrated, making the skeleton very flexible and easy to manipulate. A stand may be built and pins used to put the skeleton into the position that you want it to dry in, though as ligaments dry they begin to contract and become hard, and on small enough animals such as mice, may not be visible at all. It is often necessary to re-align bones that shift during the drying process, as contraction of the ligaments causes them to move around, but if it dries in a position not right, all that need be done is for the skeleton to be re-hydrated and posed again. Once the skeleton is dried in an acceptable pose the pins and remove the support frame and often times the skeleton may be free standing. With larger skeletons, more tools and work may be involved. Common tools used for articulation of larger skeletons include drills, pins, eye screws, and metal pars or wiring. Where ligaments would normally hold bone to bone, metal pins sunk into the joints may be necessary, and these are often siliconed into place so as not to come apart again. An example of a cougar skeleton on a base may be found below A bar is often ran up the neural canal of the spine and reshaped to form the natural arch and support found in the spinal column of most vertebrates. The rod terminates after entering the foramen magnum of the skull, and may then be epoxied into place to keep from coming apart. There is naturally cartilage which attaches from the ventral end of the ribs to the sternum, to be as accurate as possible this cartilage must be rebuilt. The cartilage is often rebuilt be using thin wires which come from the sterna end of the ribs and attach to each other and to the sternum, and are than covered in layers of clear silicone to replicate cartilage. Another interesting articulation which is rarely seen is known as the Beauchene skull, which was first developed for human skeletal articulations by a French anatomist named Claude Beauchene in the mid eighteen hundreds. Cult of weird staff (n.d) Beauchene skull, retrieved from Cult Of Weird website http://www.cultofweird.com/medical/beauchene-skull/. This type of articulation is where the individual bones of the skull on one side of the skull are removed from each other in an exploded manner, so that the internal anatomy and the individual bones may be studied. This is a very infrequently seen articulation in animal skeleton articulations. Young animals may also be used in skeletal articulations, and though it may be sad to think that a young animal lost its life before it could grow into an adult, they are also an important research for the continuation of Osteological study. The bones of young animals are often much softer and not fully connected which makes for a more difficult articulation. Young animals also usually contain more bones than adults, as the individual bones grow they form together to make larger bones. These skeletons may be used in comparative anatomy with the skeleton of an adult of the same species of the animal. Young animals require a much finer touch and can usually only be cleaned through the use of beetles, as other cleaning techniques that were previously discussed will most likely be too harsh on the young bones, resulting in damage or complete disintegration of the bones. Skeletal articulations may also be used in area nature centers in parks, to help demonstrate the local wildlife in that particular area. They are found in taxidermist shops to help promote business and show the skill of the taxidermist who owns the company. Often times larger universities have a colony of dermested beetles to help demonstrate to students the natural life cycle of the beetle for entomology students while also having an inventory of bones or skeletons for other majors of the college, such as anatomy biology or zoology. Skeletal articulations are a necessary component of anatomical and other fields of study. Without the use of skeletons for research we would never know how bones connect to each other, how different teeth of animals are used for different food that the animals ingest and how certain animals from certain families have unique evolutionary adaptations, such as the cat family, with their retractable claws, or the pinniped family, whos limbs have evolved into flippers, but are still able to haul out on land to escape predators from the ocean. Skeletal anatomy is important to most if not all biological sciences, and without skeletal articulators there would be far less to look at in your favorite natural history museum, and we may never have known what dinosaurs skeletons may have looked like properly articulated. The next time you take a look at a skeleton in a museum, think about the hard work and patience that went into putting that skeleton together.

Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton 6e

Seeing, Hearing, and Printing Data 1. This type of monitor is common on desktop computers. It looks much like a standard television. A) cathode-ray tube B) flat-panel C) monochrome D) projector 2. Monitors use various intensities of __________ colors to generate the rainbow. A) 16 B) 16 million C) three D) four 3. The __________ helps to align the electron guns. A) pixel B) shadow mask C) resolution D) refresh 4. LCD monitors often have a smaller __________ than CRT monitors. A) refresh rate B) viewing angle C) color depth D) price 5. The __________ monitor is similar to the LCD monitor, but has a phosphorescent film between the layers.A) Electro luminescent displays (ELD) B) Plasma displays C) Paper-white displays D) thin-film transistor 6. This specification of a monitor describes the usable portion of the screen. A) refresh rate B) resolution C) dot-pitch D) viewable area 7. To minimize eyestrain, you should adjust your monitor to a __________ degree angle. A) 5 B) 10 C) 15 D) 90 8. Newer projectors utilize __________ to achieve clearer and brighter images. A) mirrors B) thin-film transistors C) digital light processing D) cathode ray tubes 9. The most complicated part of your computer’s sound system is the __________.A) speaker B) microphone C) headset D) sound card 10. The __________ contains speakers and a microphone on a headband. A) speaker B) microphone C) headset D) sound card 1. Dot matrix and band printers are __________ printers. A) laser B) impact C) ink jet D) thermal 2. Which of the following measures the speed of dot-matrix printers? A) ppm B) dpi C) cps D) lpm 3. Printers use __________ colors to generate the rainbow. A) 3 B) 4 C) 8 D) 16 4. In a laser printer, the __________ transfers the image to the paper. A) laser B) roller C) toner D) drum 5. Home offices often purchase __________ to solve printing and scanning needs.A) all-in-one peripherals B) photocopiers C) ink-jet printers D) scanners 6. For a home user that has casual printin g needs, the __________ specification is the most important specification of a printer. A) speed B) cost of use C) resolution D) paper size 7. The __________ printers are used to produce low-cost posters and handouts. A) dye-sublimation B) thermal-wax C) laser D) ink jet 8. The __________ printer use temperature variations to achieve different colors. A) dye-sublimation B) thermal-wax C) laser D) ink jet 9. The __________ printer sprays ink onto the page. A) laser B) dot-matrix C) non-inpact D) ink jet 10.An organization that needs to produce hundreds or thousands of pages a day, the __________ is the most logical choice. A) dot-matrix B) laser C) ink jet D) thermal-wax Processing Data 1. Chips are made up of millions of tiny __________ or switches. A) etches B) transistors C) charges D) electrons 2. Computers use the __________ number system to store data and perform calculations. A) decimal B) hexadecimal C) binary D) octal 3. There are __________ bits in one byte. A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32 4. The text code originally used in personal computers. A) EBCDIC B) Extended ASCII C) Unicode D) ASCII 5.The __________ performs simple math for the CPU. A) ALU B) DIMM C) BUS D) register 6. A(n) __________ is one instruction from a program. A) task B) process C) thread D) assignment 7. The __________ is the electronic pathway between components in the computer. A) B) C) D) CPU bus RAM register 8. A modern desktop computer will likely use __________ chips to store RAM. A) SO-DIMM B) SIMM C) DIPP D) DIMM 9. The __________ controls how often the computer executes a task. A) CPU B) bus C) clock D) RAM 10. The __________ bus is used to connect Macintosh keyboards and mouse. A) USB B) Firewire C) SCSI D) ISA 1.The Intel __________ is primarily designed for servers. A) Pentium III B) Itanium C) Celeron D) Centrino 2. This company historically made chips for Macintosh computers. A) Intel B) AMD C) Freescale D) Seagate 3. The newest processor for Macintosh computers is the 64-bit __ ________. A) G5 B) Pentium IV C) Athlon FX 64 D) PowerPC 4. Which of the following specification has little effect on the speed of a processor? A) cache B) system bus speed C) clock speed D) socket type 5. Multiple processor systems that are required to have an even number of processors are said to be __________ multiple processors.A) symmetric B) even C) balanced D) distributed 6. The UART chip controls the __________ port on the computer. A) parallel B) serial C) USB D) Ethernet 7. To add an internal card to a computer, it must have an open __________. A) expansion slot B) bay C) bus D) USB port 8. The __________ interface transmits one bit at a time. A) parallel B) SCSI C) serial D) FireWire 9. Most likely the color of the port your monitor is attached to is __________. A) green B) purple C) red D) blue 10. The SCSI bus connects devices using a __________ cable interface. A) plug-n-play B) daisy chain C) un-terminated D) internal

Jonathan Harker and Dracula in his entopic novel Essay

How does Bram stoker manipulate audience response to Jonathan Harker and Dracula in his entopic novel? Since Dracula was written in 1897, by the successful Bram Stoker it has since been a popular novel. The story line is based upon a mysterious vampire in Transylvania who travels to England in the search of fresh blood but complications arise when Jonathan Harker and accomplices intervene, causing a catastrophe. Bram Stoker manipulates his audience’s response to Jonathan Harker and Dracula. The book is set pre-1915 and is of a gothic genre, so is intended to be frightening and mysterious, which are general expectations of a gothic genre. To begin with the first four chapters are written from Jonathan Harker’s point of view, through his journal. Therefore, indicating that Bram stoker wants us to have a good understanding of Jonathan’s character before any other characters are introduced. So that we can get a very clear idea of what he usually like, his habits, what he is like before, during and after going to Transylvania. There are many indications that Bram stoker wants us to view Jonathan as an intellectual, as he focuses on Jonathan’s time spent at the British museum in England, researching for his journey to Transylvania. He wants us to view him as an intellectual so that later on the book you will trust what he is writing about his journey, and not think he has gone mad. Jonathan also comes across as a very precise man as he notes the exact train times down, â€Å"should have arrived at 6:46, but the train was an hour late. † Bram stoker also puts this across later in the chapter when other times are mentioned. By putting the exact time it emphasises how precise he is. He wants us to see Jonathan this way so that the audience think he is a trustable character, and believe what he is saying. Bram Stoker also portrays Jonathan as a very observant character. This can be deduced from the notes in Jonathan’s journal, â€Å"a country which is full of beauty of every kind,† showing he is interested in his surroundings, and other cultures. Therefore, we see him as an open-minded man; Bram Stoker is portraying him like this because he wants us to see Jonathan as a very good character in the book, he is trying to build up a very positive image of him so that the audience will trust his judgement. We first encounter Dracula when he sends a letter to Jonathan, the letter finishes with, â€Å"your friend, Dracula. † Suggesting that he is either been watching him, maybe they have had previous acquaintances or he is trying to get on Jonathan’s good side. So it shows that Dracula is quite cunning and Bram Stoker is starting to show that Dracula is quite devious and can be quite sly, he does things for a reason. Bram stoker also portrays Dracula as a possessive character, as in the letter he refers to Transylvania as â€Å"my precious land. The word â€Å"my† suggests that Dracula counts the country as his own and in a way he is in control, or he could just be very proud of his country. So by doing this Bram Stoker is showing Dracula as an even more possessive person, but he is also showing that he is powerful character, he’s trying to show Dracula as a bad character in the story. As the chapter continues, Bram Stoker portrays Dracula as an evil character when Jonathan first meets him in person. Bram Stoker uses effective adjectives to create a frightening scene, â€Å"Throwing long quivering shadows. † The adjective â€Å"quivering† suggests everything, even the shadows, live in fear of the evil Dracula. So Bram Stoker is trying to get the audience to believe he is a very powerful and fearful character. Bram Stoker would also like us to see Dracula as an intellectual as in Jonathan Harker’s journal he says, â€Å"Saying in excellent English. † The word â€Å"excellent† emphasises the fact that Draculas English is good, so Bram Stoker makes a strong point of the audience seeing him as an intellectual. We respond to his by thinking he must have Jonathan Harker at his castle for a reason, but why? This creates suspension and keeps the reader interested. We then meet Jonathan Harker later on in the book when Mina describes him in her journal and letters to Lucy Westenra. Thus, we learn about him from others whose opinion we respect. Mina refers to Jonathan quite frequently in her letters and journal. This shows Bram Stoker wants us to see him as someone that people look up to, ad strive to be like him. â€Å"I want to keep up with Jonathan’s studies†; â€Å"I shall be able to be useful to Jonathan. † These phrases from Mina show that she looks him as an example, so therefore showing the audience that he is a very important figure in people’s lives. This makes us think of Jonathan as the good character, the hero in the story and I think people expect a lot of him. Through Mina’s journal, Bram Stoker presents Jonathan as a man that keeps his word, â€Å"I had not heard from Jonathan for some time. † It suggests that he normally writes to Mina whilst he’s away, and so it was unusual for him to not write, he is trying to get us to see that Jonathan is usually a man of his word and sticks to what he does, in this case, keeping contact with Mina. We respond to this by believing that Jonathan is a trustworthy character, adding to the fact that we think he will come out as the hero in the novel. Bram Stoker wants us to see Jonathan as a hard working individual, because then we know that he is going to apply his determination to something, but the audience doesn’t know what, so it s building up the story. In Mina’s journal it states, â€Å"Rich, master of his own business. â€Å"The phrase suggests that to be rich and successful he must be hard working and determined. Further on in the book, after Jonathan has returned from Transylvania, Bram Stoker shows that Jonathan isn’t fearless, â€Å"I noticed that the others kept looking over their shoulders as every sound and every new shadow, just as I felt myself doing. † The quotation suggests that he feels uneasy in his surroundings and that he has a fear of something, so Bram Stoker portrays him as not fearless, unlike at the beginning of the book, where he is presented as fearless and a very successful. I think by showing a change in the character Bram Stoker is implying that the circumstances have had an effect on him and that they must have been awful circumstances because to begin with he was a fearless man and now he’s looking over his shoulder, scared of his surroundings. Dracula is then described in Mina Harker’s journal, during which he is in the form of a dog. â€Å"Long and dark with red eyes. † This is a description of the glance that Mina caught of Dracula. The adjective â€Å"red† suggests evil, so Bram Stoker is building up to the fact that Dracula is the evil character in the book. Bram Stoker only describes Dracula thoroughly through Jonathan Harker’s journal at the beginning of the book, I think that this is because he doesn’t want to give too much away, just give little hints throughout the book and also he mainly does it through Jonathan’s journal because the audience can trust what he is saying is true.

Google Financial Analysis - 4310 Words

| Sumit Das-Assignment 2 | Financial Ratio Analysis-Google Corporation | | Sumit | 3/12/2013 | | Contents Objective of Study 2 Analysis of Auditors Report 2 Common Size Ratio Analysis 3 Analysis of Liquidity Ratios 4 Analysis of Leverage ratios 5 Analysis of Efficiency Ratios 6 Analysis of Profitability Ratios 7 Analysis of Effectiveness/Market Performance Ratios 8 Summary 9 Current Ratio (2011) 9 Average Collection Period 9 Debt Ratio 9 Accounts Payable turnover 10 Gross Profit Margin 10 Return on Assets 10 Recommendations 11 Objective of Study Financial ratio analysis is a very important element of fundamental analysis process. Working through number in a financial statement can†¦show more content†¦From a Managerial perspective the ability of the company to generate revenues is very important. Also from the investors point of view it is very important the company is able to meet running its operations. Firstly looking at the current and quick ratio values for Google Corporation for the year 2011 we can see that both maintained a fair value of 5.92 and 5.7 respectively. The high values of these ratios and very less difference between two values show that the company has been extremely efficient in meeting its operating activities. Also on comparing with the industry average values of 3.53 and 2.82 for the current and quick ratio we can see that Google is much more efficient that other companies in the industry. Another very important measure of the liquidity of the company is the average collection period. For Google Corporation we see that the average collection period has been fairly consistent in the late 50’s (58.93 in 2011). If we compare this value with the industry average of 71.11 we can see that Google has been fairly efficient in collecting cash on credit sales or which go into the account receivables. Another important measure of the liquidity of the company is the percentage of current assets to the total assets. Companies maintaining a high degree of liquidity generally tend to keep this ratio pretty high .For Google Corporation we see that he value of this ratio is as high as 60.41. 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